What kind of charge does a nucleus have

Protons and neutrons have nearly equal masses, but they differ in charge. A neutron has no charge, whereas a proton has a positive charge that exactly balances the negative charge on an electron.

The atomic mass unit amu is defined as exactly one-twelfth the mass of a carbon atom that has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. With this scale, protons and neutrons have masses that are close to, but not precisely, 1 u each there are 6.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the atomic number, Z. It is equal to the number of electrons around the nucleus, because an atom is electrically neutral.

The mass number of an atom is equal to the total number of heavy particles: protons and neutrons. How many nucleons are there in sodium? How many nucleons are there in hydrogen-3? How does the nucleus of neon differ from neon? How does the charge of the nucleus differ from the charge of an atom? How can I calculate the number of nucleons? See all questions in The Nucleus. Impact of this question views around the world.

You can reuse this answer Creative Commons License. It is called the 1s orbital because it is spherical around the nucleus. The 1s orbital is always filled before any other orbital. Hydrogen has one electron; therefore, it has only one spot within the 1s orbital occupied.

This is designated as 1s 1 , where the superscripted 1 refers to the one electron within the 1s orbital. Helium has two electrons; therefore, it can completely fill the 1s orbital with its two electrons. This is designated as 1s 2 , referring to the two electrons of helium in the 1s orbital. On the periodic table, hydrogen and helium are the only two elements in the first row period ; this is because they are the sole elements to have electrons only in their first shell, the 1s orbital.

Diagram of the S and P orbitals : The s subshells are shaped like spheres. Both the 1n and 2n principal shells have an s orbital, but the size of the sphere is larger in the 2n orbital. Each sphere is a single orbital. Principal shell 2n has a p subshell, but shell 1 does not. The second electron shell may contain eight electrons. After the 1s orbital is filled, the second electron shell is filled, first filling its 2s orbital and then its three p orbitals.

When filling the p orbitals, each takes a single electron; once each p orbital has an electron, a second may be added. Lithium Li contains three electrons that occupy the first and second shells. Two electrons fill the 1s orbital, and the third electron then fills the 2s orbital.

Its electron configuration is 1s 2 2s 1. Neon Ne , on the other hand, has a total of ten electrons: two are in its innermost 1s orbital, and eight fill its second shell two each in the 2s and three p orbitals. Thus, it is an inert gas and energetically stable: it rarely forms a chemical bond with other atoms. Larger elements have additional orbitals, making up the third electron shell. Subshells d and f have more complex shapes and contain five and seven orbitals, respectively.

Principal shell 3n has s, p, and d subshells and can hold 18 electrons. Principal shell 4n has s, p, d, and f orbitals and can hold 32 electrons. Moving away from the nucleus, the number of electrons and orbitals found in the energy levels increases.

Progressing from one atom to the next in the periodic table, the electron structure can be worked out by fitting an extra electron into the next available orbital. While the concepts of electron shells and orbitals are closely related, orbitals provide a more accurate depiction of the electron configuration of an atom because the orbital model specifies the different shapes and special orientations of all the places that electrons may occupy.

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